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Tax Glossary
VAT (Value Added Tax / PPN)
VAT (Pajak Pertambahan Nilai / PPN) is a tax levied on every supply of taxable goods (BKP) and/or taxable services (JKP) within Indonesia's customs area. Governed by Law No. 8/1983 on VAT, last amended by Law No. 7/2021 (UU HPP). The standard VAT rate is 11% since 1 April 2022, rising to 12% from 1 January 2025. PPN is an indirect tax: the economic burden falls on the final consumer, while the registered taxpayer (PKP) acts as a collector, remitting the difference between Output Tax (PK) and Input Tax (PM) to the state.
Tax Glossary
Monthly VAT Return (SPT Masa PPN)
The Monthly VAT Return (SPT Masa PPN) is the monthly report that every PKP must submit to DJP, summarizing Output Tax, creditable Input Tax, and the net VAT payable or overpaid. Governed by Article 15A of the VAT Law and PER-29/PJ/2015. The filing deadline is the end of the following month after the tax period. Since April 2022, filing is done through the e-Faktur application, which auto-generates return data from uploaded invoices.
Tax Guides
Indonesia Tax Refund Guide: Eligibility, Procedure, and How to File
A complete guide to Indonesian tax refunds: legal basis (UU KUP, UU PPN, PMK 28/2026), advance vs regular refund mechanisms, eligibility for each taxpayer category, how to file via Coretax, plus worked examples and FAQ.
Tax Glossary
Tax Borne by Government (DTP)
Tax Borne by Government, abbreviated DTP from the Indonesian "Ditanggung Pemerintah", is a tax facility under which the tax that would normally be owed is paid by the government through the tax subsidy line of the state budget rather than by the relevant taxpayer. The scheme applies to several taxes, notably Income Tax (PPh) and Value Added Tax (PPN), and is generally limited to a defined period and specific sectors. The government uses DTP as a short-term fiscal stimulus to support household purchasing power, accelerate recovery in specific industries, or back strategic sectors. Taxpayers continue to report transactions as usual, but the tax amount is recorded as borne by the government. The legal basis for each DTP facility is set by a separate Minister of Finance Regulation that defines the criteria, validity period, and reporting procedures.
Tax Glossary
Taxable Services (JKP)
Taxable Services (JKP) are services subject to VAT under the PPN Law. Governed by Article 1 paragraph 6 and Article 4A of the VAT Law. Like BKP, all services are JKP by default unless explicitly exempt. Exempt services include: medical healthcare, social services, postage stamp mail delivery by PT Pos Indonesia, financial services, insurance, religious services, education, and public transportation. PKPs supplying JKP must issue a Tax Invoice; VAT is due at the point of service delivery.
Tax Glossary
Taxable Goods (BKP)
Taxable Goods (BKP) are goods subject to VAT under the PPN Law. Governed by Article 1 paragraph 3 and Article 4A of the VAT Law (No. 8/1983 as amended by No. 7/2021). As a rule, all goods are BKP unless explicitly exempted by law. Exempted goods include: raw minerals extracted directly from the source, basic food staples (rice, corn, sago, soybeans, sugar, vegetables, and fruit), and food/beverages served at hotels, restaurants, and eateries (subject to regional tax instead).
Tax Glossary
Monthly Tax Return (SPT Masa)
The Monthly Tax Return (SPT Masa) is the form used by taxpayers to report and/or pay tax due in a one-month tax period. Governed by Article 3 paragraph (1) of UU KUP. Unlike the Annual Return (SPT Tahunan), the SPT Masa is filed monthly. Common types: SPT Masa PPh 21 (due by 20th), PPh 23 (20th), PPh 25 (20th), and SPT Masa PPN (end of following month). Late filing penalties: Rp 100,000 per income tax monthly return; Rp 500,000 per VAT monthly return.
Tax Glossary
Advance Refund of Tax Overpayment (Pengembalian Pendahuluan)
An advance refund of tax overpayment is the disbursement of overpaid tax to the taxpayer through formal review (penelitian) rather than full audit (pemeriksaan). This mechanism provides a fast track for taxpayers meeting specific criteria or requirements as set out in Articles 17C and 17D of the General Tax Provisions Law (UU KUP), and Article 9(4c) of the VAT Law (UU PPN). The technical procedure is governed by PMK 28 of 2026, effective 1 May 2026, which revokes a chain of earlier regulations from PMK 39/2018 through PMK 119/2024. After disbursement, the Directorate General of Taxes retains the right to conduct an audit for substantive verification. If a shortfall is found, an Assessment of Underpayment (SKPKB) and penalties will be issued.
Tax Guides
Indonesian VAT 12% Guide 2026: Scope, Rate, and Tax Invoices
A complete explanation of the 12% Indonesian VAT in force in 2026: taxable scope, input-output crediting mechanism, and e-Faktur obligations for taxable enterprises (PKP).
Tax Updates
PMK 24/2026: Government Covers VAT on Domestic Economy Airline Tickets for 60 Days
Indonesia's Ministry of Finance covers 100% of VAT on basic fare and fuel surcharge of domestic economy airline tickets for 60 days starting 25 April 2026 under PMK 24/2026.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Notaries and PPAT in Indonesia
Notaries (Notaris) and land deed officials (PPAT) in Indonesia earn fees (honorarium) subject to PPh 21 as expert professionals. PPAT also collect and remit BPHTB and PPh Pasal 25/29 on property transaction taxes on behalf of parties.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Photographers and Videographers in Indonesia
Photographers and videographers in Indonesia are taxed based on how they earn: as employees at a studio, as freelancers billing clients directly, or as business owners. Fees from Indonesian companies trigger PPh 21 expert withholding.
Tax Updates
PMK 28/2026 Overhauls Accelerated Tax Refund Rules, Effective 1 May 2026
Indonesia's MoF issued PMK 28/2026, revoking PMK 39/2018 through PMK 119/2024. New rules on advance refund of tax overpayment took effect on 1 May 2026.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Influencers and Social Media Creators in Indonesia
Indonesian influencers and content creators earning from brand endorsements, sponsored posts, and platform monetisation are taxed as independent professionals. Brand deals paid by Indonesian companies attract PPh 21 withholding; foreign platform income must be self-reported.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Accountants in Indonesia
Accountants in Indonesia are taxed as employees when working for a firm or as independent professionals when operating a private practice. Public accountants (CPA) offering attest services must register with IAPI and comply with additional reporting obligations.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for SME Owners and Entrepreneurs in Indonesia
Small and medium enterprises (UMKM) with gross turnover up to IDR 4.8 billion per year may use the final PPh rate of 0.5% of monthly gross revenue under PP 55/2022. Larger businesses switch to the normal progressive or corporate rate.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Forex and Crypto Traders in Indonesia
Crypto asset transactions in Indonesia are subject to a 0.1% final PPh on each sale and 0.11% VAT when traded via registered exchanges (BAPPEBTI) under PMK 68/2022. Forex trading income is taxed as ordinary income.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Doctors in Indonesia
Doctors in Indonesia face different tax obligations depending on whether they practice at a hospital as an employee, run an independent clinic, or do both. PPh 21 applies to hospital salaries; independent income is subject to PPh 25/29.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Nurses and Midwives in Indonesia
Nurses and midwives employed by hospitals or clinics are subject to PPh 21 employee withholding. Those running independent practices (praktik mandiri) are taxed as independent professionals or as UMKM business owners depending on their revenue.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Content Creators and YouTubers in Indonesia
Content creators and YouTubers in Indonesia earn from multiple streams - AdSense, sponsorships, brand deals, affiliate commissions, and digital product sales. Each income stream has a different tax mechanism depending on whether the payer is an Indonesian company, a foreign platform, or an individual.
Tax Updates
DJP Extends Corporate Annual Tax Return Deadline to 31 May 2026 via KEP-71/PJ/2026
Indonesia's DGT issued KEP-71/PJ/2026 granting corporate taxpayers an extra month to file fiscal year 2025 annual returns until 31 May 2026, with administrative penalties waived during the Coretax transition.