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Tax Glossary
Permanent Establishment (PE / BUT)
A Permanent Establishment (PE / BUT) is the form of business used by non-resident individuals or foreign entities to conduct business activities in Indonesia. Governed by Article 2 paragraph (5) of the Income Tax Law. Examples include: representative offices, management offices, foreign company branches, workshops, warehouses, and dependent agents. A BUT is treated as a domestic corporate taxpayer, subject to PPh Badan on Indonesia-source income.
Tax Glossary
PTKP (Non-Taxable Income Threshold)
PTKP (Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak / Non-Taxable Income Threshold) is the annual income level below which individual resident taxpayers owe no income tax. Governed by Article 7 of Law No. 36/2008 on Income Tax (UU PPh) and Ministry of Finance Regulation No. 101/PMK.010/2016. Current PTKP amounts (effective January 1, 2016 and continuing): Self: Rp 54,000,000 per year (Rp 4,500,000 per month), Additional for married status: Rp 4,500,000, Additional per dependent (child or spouse): Rp 4,500,000 each (maximum 3 dependents). PTKP status is denoted by codes: TK (Single), K (Married), K/I (Married with earning spouse), I (Spouse earning). Income below PTKP incurs zero income tax liability, but taxpayers holding an NPWP must still file an annual return even when tax liability is zero.
Tax Glossary
Tax Borne by Government (DTP)
Tax Borne by Government, abbreviated DTP from the Indonesian "Ditanggung Pemerintah", is a tax facility under which the tax that would normally be owed is paid by the government through the tax subsidy line of the state budget rather than by the relevant taxpayer. The scheme applies to several taxes, notably Income Tax (PPh) and Value Added Tax (PPN), and is generally limited to a defined period and specific sectors. The government uses DTP as a short-term fiscal stimulus to support household purchasing power, accelerate recovery in specific industries, or back strategic sectors. Taxpayers continue to report transactions as usual, but the tax amount is recorded as borne by the government. The legal basis for each DTP facility is set by a separate Minister of Finance Regulation that defines the criteria, validity period, and reporting procedures.
Tax Guides
Indonesian Individual NPWP Guide: Requirements, Online Registration, and NIK as NPWP
How to register an individual Tax ID (NPWP) via DJP Online, document requirements, and the NIK-as-NPWP integration under PMK 136/2023.
Tax Guides
PPh 21 Guide 2026: Calculation, TER Rates, and Worked Examples
A practical guide to calculating Indonesian income tax (PPh Article 21) for permanent employees in 2026 using the Average Effective Rate (TER) under PP 58/2023.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for SME Owners and Entrepreneurs in Indonesia
Small and medium enterprises (UMKM) with gross turnover up to IDR 4.8 billion per year may use the final PPh rate of 0.5% of monthly gross revenue under PP 55/2022. Larger businesses switch to the normal progressive or corporate rate.
Tax Guides
Corporate Annual Tax Return Guide via Coretax 2026
Complete guide to filing Indonesia's corporate annual income tax return via Coretax: legal basis, document checklist, Form 1771 walkthrough, PPh Article 29 calculation, and FAQ.
Tax Guides
Indonesian VAT 12% Guide 2026: Scope, Rate, and Tax Invoices
A complete explanation of the 12% Indonesian VAT in force in 2026: taxable scope, input-output crediting mechanism, and e-Faktur obligations for taxable enterprises (PKP).
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Consultants in Indonesia
Consultants in Indonesia are taxed as independent professionals under PPh 21 when paid by Indonesian entities. Self-employed consultants must also pay monthly PPh 25 instalments and file an annual PPh 29 return.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Civil Servants (PNS/ASN) in Indonesia
Indonesian civil servants (PNS/ASN) have their PPh 21 calculated and withheld by their government work unit (satker) using the TER method under PMK 168/2023. Salary, allowances, and year-end bonus (THR) are all subject to withholding.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Notaries and PPAT in Indonesia
Notaries (Notaris) and land deed officials (PPAT) in Indonesia earn fees (honorarium) subject to PPh 21 as expert professionals. PPAT also collect and remit BPHTB and PPh Pasal 25/29 on property transaction taxes on behalf of parties.
Tax Guides
Tax Guide for Stock and Mutual Fund Investors in Indonesia
Capital gains from Indonesian stock exchange (IDX) transactions are subject to a 0.1% final income tax on gross proceeds. Dividends from Indonesian companies are tax-exempt if reinvested under PMK 18/2021.